Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world’s largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 279 million people, Indonesia is the world’s fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world’s most populous island, is home to more than half of the country’s population.
Indonesia is a Southeast Asian country made up of thousands of volcanic islands, with more than 270 million people, making it the world’s fourth most populous country. Its capital city is Jakarta, located on the island of Java, which is the most populous island in the world.
**Geography**: Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of over 17,000 islands, with major islands including Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (Papua). The country is known for its diverse landscapes, which include mountains, forests, beaches, and coral reefs.
**Culture**: Indonesia is home to a rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and ethnic groups, with over 300 ethnic groups and more than 700 languages spoken. The Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese are among the largest ethnic groups. The country is predominantly Muslim, but it is also home to significant Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist communities.
**Economy**: Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is classified as an emerging market. Key sectors include agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and tourism. The country is known for its natural resources, including palm oil, rubber, and minerals.
**Biodiversity**: Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, hosting a vast array of flora and fauna, including many endemic species. The country is known for its rainforests, particularly those in Sumatra and Borneo, which are home to endangered species like orangutans and tigers.
**Tourism**: Indonesia is a popular tourist destination, with attractions such as Bali, Yogyakarta, Komodo Island, and Raja Ampat. Tourists are drawn to the country’s beautiful beaches, cultural heritage, and natural wonders.
**Political Structure**: Indonesia is a democratic republic with a presidential system. The country has gone through significant political changes since the fall of President Suharto in 1998, transitioning to a more democratic society.
**Challenges**: Indonesia faces various challenges, including environmental issues like deforestation, pollution, and the impacts of climate change, along with social issues such as poverty and inequality.
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